Biography of Anne Hathaway, Shakespeares Wife

Biography of Anne Hathaway, Shakespeare's Wife William Shakespeare is arguably the most famous writer of all time, but his private life and marriage to Anne Hathaway isnt necessarily well known to the public. Gain more insight into the circumstances that shaped the bards life and possibly his writing  with this biography of Hathaway. Birth and Early Life Hathaway was born circa  1555. She grew up in  a farmhouse in  Shottery, a small village on the outskirts of Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire, England.  Her  cottage  remains on the site and has since become a major tourist attraction. Little is known about Hathaway. Her name crops up a few times in historical records, but historians don’t have any real sense of what type of woman she was. Shotgun Marriage Anne Hathaway married William Shakespeare in November 1582. She was 26, and he was 18. The couple lived in  Stratford-upon-Avon,  which is roughly 100 miles northwest of London. It appears the two had a shotgun wedding. Evidently, they  conceived a child out of wedlock and a wedding was arranged despite the fact that marriages were not traditionally performed at that time of year. The couple would go on to have a total of  three children (two daughters, one son). Special permission had to be asked from the Church, and friends and family had to financially guarantee the wedding and sign a surety for  £40- a huge sum in those days. Some historians believe that the marriage was an unhappy one and the couple was forced together by the pregnancy. Although there is no evidence to support this, some historians go as far as to suggest that Shakespeare  left for London to escape the day-to-day pressures of his unhappy marriage. This is, of course, wild speculation. Did Shakespeare  Run Away to London? We know that William Shakespeare lived and worked in London for most of his adult life. This has led to speculation about the state of his  marriage to Hathaway. Broadly, there are two camps of thought: The Failed Marriage: Some speculate that a difficult marriage in Stratford-upon-Avon compelled the young William to seek his fortune away from home. London would have been many days ride  and was perhaps welcome escape for William who was trapped by a shotgun wedding and children. Indeed, there is evidence (although scant) that William was unfaithful while in London, and would compete with his business partner for the attention of London’s women.The Loving Marriage: If the above is true, it does not explain why William kept such close ties with the town. It seems he regularly returned to share his new-found wealth with Anne and his children. Land investments in the Stratford-upon-Avon area also prove that he planned to retire to the town once his working life in London finished. Children Six months after the marriage, their first daughter Susanna was born. Twins, Hamnet and Judith soon followed in 1585. Hamnet died at age 11, and  four years later Shakespeare wrote Hamlet, a play that may have been inspired by the grief of losing his son.   Death Anne Hathaway outlived her husband. She died Aug. 6,  1623. She is buried next to Shakespeare’s grave inside Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon. Like her husband, she has an inscription upon her tomb, some of which is written in Latin: Here lyeth the body of Anne  wife of William Shakespeare who departed this life the 6th day of August 1623 being of the age of 67 years. Breasts, O mother, milk and life thou didst give. Woe is me- for how great a boon shall I give stones? How much rather would I pray that the good angel should move the stone so that, like Christs body, thine image might come forth! But my prayers are unavailing. Come quickly, Christ, that my mother, though shut within this tomb may rise again and reach the stars.

What is Eating Gilbert Grape

What is Eating Gilbert Grape Introduction Lasse Hallstrom directed the film â€Å"What’s eating Gilbert Grape† in 1993. The film revolves around the experiences of the narrator, Gilbert. In the film, Gilbert Grape tells the audience about his town and family. Gilbert has two brothers and two sisters, who live with their obese mother in a depressed town called Endora. Their father is absent since he hanged himself in the basement with no reason.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What is Eating Gilbert Grape specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The film revolves around Gilbert’s character who seeks to escape from his dull and dissatisfying routine, and his shift in attitude as the plot develops. Based on the actions of Gilbert, the audience identifies that what is â€Å"eating him† is the dilemma of how to balance his desires with the needs of his family. Character of Gilbert Gilbert is portrayed as a kind and selfless person who has no escape to the boredom of his everyday life. Although Gilbert is a young man, he has numerous burdens including his residence in an isolated and dying town, a father who killed himself, a large mother who is reliant in him, his boring job in a slow business and his annoying sisters. In addition to this, he is required to give his retarded brother consistent care, and his affair with Betty does not appear to be making any progress. Gilbert’s troubles seem to persist until he meets Becky, who opens his eyes to the outside world. Themes The film has many themes, but the main ones include responsibility, desire for freedom, caring for others and frustration with ordinary life. Gilbert exhibits the desire for freedom the most since he intends to escape Endora and all the burdens that are associated with that town. It is in his pursuit of freedom that Gilbert meets Becky; a symbol of the freedom that Gilbert desires. The theme of responsibility is evident when Gilbert as sumes the role of breadwinner and caretaker of the family after the death of his father. He is faced with a great challenge between fulfilling his obligation to the family and meeting his personal needs. Relationship between Gilbert and Arnie From the beginning of the film, the audience identifies a love/hate relationship between Gilbert and his brother. Gilbert cares for his brother as is seen when he urges his brother to climb down the water tower, or the tree that is next to their house. However, he admits that things would be better for him if his brother was dead.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These scenes present the audience with a mixture of emotions that portray Gilbert’s protective and harmful nature. The freedom represented by Becky ‘eats up’ Gilbert as he abandons his brother in the hope that he can care for himself. Gilbert hopes to fr ee himself from numerous responsibilities that are represented by Arnie, but becomes frustrated when his brother ends up in trouble and proves him wrong. As a result, he faced with the challenge of balancing his two lives. Relationship between Gilbert and his mother Gilbert shows frustration with his mother due to her transformation from a pretty girl to an obese woman who was capable of harming her family. This is seen when Gilbert calls out to her to stop hugging Arnie after an incident involving the water tower. Gilbert also distances himself from Momma when he shows Becky the family house from a far point, claiming that they cannot get closer to it because Momma is â€Å"attached to the housemore like wedged in†. Gilbert sees Momma in a new light when she gets out of the house after seven years to rescue Arnie when he gets arrested. He defends her mother from the mockery of outsiders, even after her death, when he chooses to cremate her in the family house rather than rid icule the family while they remove her body from the house.

Policy Paper Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Policy Paper Proposal - Essay Example When countries start equating security and national defense with equipping or stockpiling its weapon reserves, we begin to look for the concealed agenda behind such act. Defense weapons take up a considerable appropriation from the national budget which could be diverted to purposefully serve the common good of its constituents. Yet the United States has continued its current defense system spending with its war against Iraq and terrorism. There is no question about the country's vital interest in security and economic growth; it is every American's moral obligation but to see beyond the influence over weapons of mass destruction creates the skepticism on its exact concept. Japan as a unique homogenous country represents opposing extremes in individual relationships and freedom against the US fondness for multicultural diversity. Delor's1 comparison of Japan's model is based on society's excessive guardianship over the individual in contrast to the American model of individual triumph over society. Both countries as equal foes during WWII have created a fair amount of wariness to warrant an extra-close bilateral relation. Yet, when Japan conducted a significant amount of cooperation with the United States to increase its defense capability under the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation2, it was harder to gauge where the possibilities would lead. After September 11, the United States and the Bush Administration had increasingly built enough confidence on an alliance with Japan that has resulted to the best relations of both countries. Currently, there are more than 47,000 US military personnel in Japan who will assume the obligation to maintain and develop the capacity to protect both countries in case of an armed attack on territories under the Japanese administration. In November 2005, the Japanese proposed constitutional revisions that would create a cabinet level Defense Ministry while keeping the old clauses mandating official pacifism. Under the revisions, the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF or SDF) would formally be referred to as a military force and the new wording proposed is "in order to secure peace and the independence of our country as well as the security of the state and the people, military forces for self-defense shall be maintained with the prime minister of the cabinet as the supreme commander." The amendment has widespread support and is expected to pass through as a popular referendum3. Japan and US Relations after the WWII To recall, Japan's defeat in WWII created lasting effects on the national consciousness towards the war and military involvement in governmental politics. The devastation brought about by the effects of Hiroshima and Nagasaki has evoked and attitude that was clearly exhibited by the public's wide acceptance of disarmament and demobilization of military leaders after the war. Dismantling of the Japanese Imperial Army and Navy gained a wide support under General Douglas McArthur. Defeat created a pacifist attitude and sentiment that fostered the 1947 Japanese Constitution which, under Art. IX forever renounces war as an instrument for settling international disputes and declares that "Japan will never again maintain land, sea, or air forces or other war potential". The deprivation any military capability after 1945, created only the US occupation forces and a few domestic police on which to rely for security. The Cold War tension in Europe and Asia coupled with leftist-inspired

The Importance of Motivation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Importance of Motivation - Research Paper Example The researcher states that motivation applies in many areas including the classroom, working place and even at the home place. This paper will discuss the importance of motivation in the mentioned areas, the positive effects of motivation and the happenings if there is no motivation. In a classroom with no motivation, the students with less learning capabilities or rather those who are slow in learning get disadvantaged. They become frustrated and bored with assigned tasks that they cannot handle. These students tend to have little interest during class time thus their concentration lowered. Their view of the importance of education is changed and such students will take it as a burden. Their attendance for classes decreases while some can even stop schooling. In a classroom, motivation comes in where the students feel some sense of belonging. The teachers base the syllabus according to the interests of the students. The students instructed using different approaches. Some theory wor k put into practice to break the monotony of being in a classroom. The students have the opportunity to make decisions about how they prefer to learn a given subject or topic. Motivation in a classroom is important since it has a positive result in the long run. The desired achievements of success attained. The gap between the fast and slow learners brought closer. The courage, pride, behavior, and performance of motivated students generally rise compared to those who are not motivated. A workplace is a social place where combined capabilities or different individuals bring out a tangible effect. Motivation at the workplace is all about what and how workers want to work. It entails what they want to be introduced, improved, or abolished for them to work comfortably. Lack of motivation in workplaces brings in headaches to the managers and employers, as the employees do not produce the best. There arise issues of low profitability, company failures, and thus closure due to low product ion.

Section I of the Capital Project Research Paper

Section I of the Capital Project - Research Paper Example With every capital purchase, an organization aims to meet a set of organizational needs. A capital purchase would not benefit an organization unless it contributes to the organization’s productivity or overall performance efficacy. This paper will discuss a software purchase a healthcare organization made for filing patient records properly. The paper will give particular focus on managerial, organizational, and economic benefits of this capital purchase. Capital purchase To define, â€Å"a capital purchase is defined as any purchase of $1000 and over† (Novak, 1996, p.335). Capital purchases are considered as long term assets of an organization. Generally, capital purchases are viewed as capital investments, capital assets, or capital acquisitions. The process of capital acquisition can benefit a healthcare organization in a number of ways. In the view of Gitman and McDaniel (2008, p.434), capital acquisitions add to an organization’s asset strength, which in tur n contributes to the firm’s value chain efficiency and service efficiency. In the case of healthcare organizations like hospitals, a capital purchase is mainly intended to improve the quality of care delivery and thereby promoting patient safety. ... The planned software purchase for filing patient records costs more than $5,000, and therefore, it is a capital purchase. This capital acquisition may assist the healthcare environment to deliver improved patient care services at affordable costs. Management goals of the purchase This capital acquisition would support many management goals including revenue growth, operational efficiency improvement, improved productivity, quality assurance, performance evaluation, reduced employee hiring and training costs. Loretz (2005) says that filing patient records manually is a difficult task because a large number of patients visit a healthcare institution every day. Hence, a healthcare institution needs to employ a large workforce to manage patient records appropriately. Evidently, an organization is forced to spend huge amounts on employee hiring and training in order to file patient records manually (p.2). This situation would probably reduce the firm’s profitability. However, compu terized patient records handling system would assist a healthcare environment to manage patient data effectively and inexpensively. A software-based patient information filing system is beneficial for the organization to minimize the level of employee hiring because such a program may be capable of handling patient data more accurately and quickly. Even though this purchase may cost huge money initially, this acquisition would benefit the organization to trim down employee hiring and training expenses in the long term. Consequently, this may aid the firm to reduce its operating expenses and thereby improve profitability. As we discussed earlier, a software-based program can more quickly and accurately manage patient information;

Basic Concepts Of Phytoremediation Environmental Sciences Essay

Basic Concepts Of Phytoremediation Environmental Sciences Essay Contamination of soil in oil refinery has been an environmental issue of modern industrialization in many countries. The main reason for this contamination is the contaminated products generated during the activities associated with purifying and refining petroleum in oil refinery. Those activities including distillation, chemical treatment, product transfer and storage and so on are the contributors of the contaminants. These consist of the petroleum hydrocarbons, asbestos, metals, some inorganic compounds and etc[1]. There are a lot of effective remediation technologies such as pump-and-treat (PAT), soil washing, thermal desorption, bioremediation and etc. However, some of them are causing inhibition of soil fertility or even destruction to ecosystem. Therefore, this encourages my evaluation on phytoremediation- a variation of bioremediation which has been an emerging technology for remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons since late 1990s[2]. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective in-situ treatment which uses up vegetation to clean up the petroleum-contaminated soils and groundwater. In general, it is to utilize the ability of the special plants roots associated bacteria to take up, accumulate, and breakdown the contaminants (e.g. TPHs) located in soils and ground water[3](Figure1). This technology is more suitable for: (a) large sites with shallow contaminants where only polishing treatment is required; and (b) the sites where vegetation is used as a final cap and closure of the site[4]. Figure 1 Basic concepts of phytoremediation 2. Mechanisms There are seven mechanisms of phytoremediation: phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytovolatilization, phytostabilization phytodegradation, hydraulic control and rhizodegradation. They can be described as follows: Phytoextraction This is also known as phytoaccumulation. It aims to utilize plant roots in order to uptake and translocate the metal contaminants in the soil into the above ground portions of the plants[5]. The plants absorb, concentrate, and precipitate the toxic metals from the soils into shoots, leaves, etc. (Fig. 1)[6]. Figure 2 Phytoextraction of Ni from contaminated soil There are some plants, called hyper-accumulators, which are capable of accumulating extremely large amount of metals especially nickel, zinc and copper[7]. These plants need to be either incinerated or composted to recycle the metal after have been used for some time[5]. Rhizofiltration It is the adsorption or precipitation onto plant root surfaces, or absorption into contaminants which present in the soil solution in the root zone. Although rhizofiltration looks similar with phytoextraction, the main function of rhizofiltration is to remediate the contaminated groundwater rather than the soil by removing inorganics and metals. The plants are first raised in greenhouses with their roots in water until a large root system has been completed. At this stage, the original water source is replaced by contaminated for acclimatization. Once the saturation of contaminants in the roots has been reached, the plants are harvested. In the study of removal ability, sunflower, Indian mustard, tobacco, corn and etc. have been used to investigate the removal of lead from water. Among those plants, sunflower has the greatest ability[5, 6]. Phytovolatilization This involves the uptake and transpiration of contaminants by plants, with release of the contaminants in vapour form to the atmosphere. It looks like a natural air-stripping pump system. This natural ability of volatilization enables the plants to volatilize the volatile organic compounds in parts of refinery site, vinyl chloride as well as inorganics and etc[6, 8]. Phytostabilization This process is to use plants for immobilizing contaminants in the soil and groundwater. The roots absorb and accumulate the contaminants, provide adsorption or precipitation within the rhizosphere (root zone) in order to reduce the mobility of contaminants. As contaminant migration to the groundwater or air has been minimized, the bioavailability for their entry into the food chain can be lowered. Metal-tolerant species can be used to restore vegetation to those metal-contaminated sites. Those species not only can decrease the potential migration of contaminants but also prevent the leaching of contaminants to groundwater[5]. Phytodegradation This is also called phytotransformation. It is the breakdown of contaminants through metabolic processes or the effect of constituents (e.g. enzymes) produced by the plants. The complex organic contaminants are degraded into simple molecules and these molecules are then incorporated into plant tissues[5]. Hydraulic Control Hydraulic control is employed by plant canopies on the control of water table and the soil field capacity. Phreatophytic trees and plants are commonly used due to the ability to transpire large amount of water and thereby influence the water balance at the site. The increased transpiration decreases the tendency of contaminants to move towards groundwater water or alleviates the migration of contaminants from the site in groundwater plumes[6]. There is something to be noted that trees must be rooted into a shallow water table aquifer in order to successfully prevent plume migration[9]. Rhizodegradation This is often referred to as phytostimulation or planted-assisted bioremediation/degradation. It can be achieved by breaking down the contaminants in the soil within the rhizosphere through microbial activities. During the microbial activities, organic contaminants such as fuels and solvents can be biodegraded by microorganisms into harmless products. The nutrients for the microorganisms are provided by the exudates produced by the plant[5]. 3. Major influencing factors (a) Soil composition and quality: Soils with high concentration of contaminants soils tends to have a poor physical conditioning which is not able to promote the growth of vegetation and rhizosphere microorganisms. Common limitations are the deficiencies in moisture-holding capacity, aeration, nutrient and permeability and so on. Thus, adjustments are required to improve the quality of soil before planting. A common adjustment is the amendment on pH of soil by adding sulphur or lime[9]. (b) Selection of plant: Plants are selected by taking the concerns of the target contaminants to be polluted and the remedial objectives for redevelopment such as time frame and risk management. Moreover, the climate for the plants to be adapted into is also very important. The ability of the plant acclimating to the soil and the depth of plants root structure also cannot be neglected. The selection and use of plant species must be done carefully in order to avoid the introduction of non-native species into the areas which are new to that species[10]. 4. Advantages Relatively low cost: Comparing with other treatment technologies such as thermal treatment, chemical extraction, some ex-situ technologies and so on, phytoremediation is relatively inexpensive as it only uses plants. [5, 11]. Besides, there is no extraction cost as it is an in-situ treatment. Safe and passive: Phytoremediation is driven by solar energy and there is no chemical usage Feasible for large varieties of contaminants: It can be used on the major contaminants produced in oil refinery-petroleum hydrocarbon as well as the other minor contaminants such as VOCs, TCE and even heavy metals and etc[12]. Mitigation of soil erosion: The establishment of vegetation can effectively improve the soil structure and resulting in reducing the soil erosion. Preventing migration of contaminants: Phytoremediation avoids excavation and transport of polluted media as the contaminants are destroyed in place. Therefore, it can lower the risk of spreading the contamination[13]. Aesthetically pleasing: The use of green plants can contribute a more eye-pleasing and natural green environment. 5. Disadvantages Relatively shallow clean-up of soil with low contaminant concentration: Treatment is limited to soils less than 1 m from surface for grasses, less than 3 m for shrubs, less than 6 m for deep-rooting trees and groundwater less than 3 m from the surface. Besides, it is not effective for contaminated site with high concentration [5, 14]. Slow process: The whole process is relatively slow compared with other technologies as three to five growing seasons are needed to achieve remediation goals[5]. Site specific and critical plant selection: The optimization of plant growth and the contaminants uptake depends on the characteristics of the site and the plant species that are selected[5]. Potential food chain contamination: Contaminants may enter the food chain through animals which eat the plants or borne fruits[14]. Production of residual waste: Using phytoremediation may relocate contaminants from the subsurface to the plant, thereby creating residual waste to be disposed of[5]. By looking at the features of phytoremediation in various aspects, we may find some drawbacks and limitations. Although the overall performance of phytoremediation is still not effective as soil vapor extraction and other technologies, its trade-off such as low cost, practicality and environmental-friendliness indicates that it can be a promising solution for remediation in oil refinery, especially in developing countries. Also, many studies on phytoremediation are still being carried out, so it can certainly be combined with a lot of technologies for future improvement and ultimately be widely applied in oil refineries all over the world.

Hegels Phenomenology of Spirit :: Philosophy Hegel Elephant Papers

Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit One of the most difficult philosophical works ever written is Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit. In the "Introduction" to this work, Hegel attempts to aid his readers by describing the project that he carries out. But like so many things written by Hegel, the "Introduction" itself is formidable and very difficult to understand. In this paper, I attempt to "make sense" of the "Introduction" and, thus, contribute to the understanding of the Phenomenology. To achieve this end, I take the great liberty of comparing philosophers with blind men and Reality with an elephant. I take a series of claims made by Hegel in the "Introduction" and show how they make sense of his project once they are seen in the context of John Godfred Saxe’s poem, "The Blind Men and the Elephant." In doing so, I explain the similarity of problems presented in the poem and the Phenomenology. Further, I show how the nature of both problems places the same kind of restrictions on anyone trying to overcome either. While Saxe’s poem urges an acceptance of the fact that total truth is always beyond your grasp, Hegel’s goal is to achieve such a truth. What you will see is that all the characteristics that would have stopped most philosophers and Saxe, become the means by which Hegel thinks he can ultimately achieve knowledge of the Elephant. One of the most difficult of the "Great Philosophical Works" is Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit. As you read the book, you are caught in a maze of conflicting claims and you quickly become unsure of your footing. Is this Hegel’s own position or is it a characterization of the very positions that he is attacking? In fact, it is not long before you begin to wonder: Where is Hegel in all this? If you turn to the "Introduction" of the Phenomenology, you find that, even when Hegel attempts to be helpful, his explanations do not really throw much light. "Now, because it has only phenomenal knowledge for its object, this exposition seems not to be Science, free and self-moving in its own peculiar shape; yet from this standpoint it can be regarded as the path of the natural consciousness which presses forward to true knowledge; or as the way of the Soul which journeys through the series of its own configurations as though they were the stations appointed for it by its own nature, so that it may purify itself for the life of the Spirit, and achieve finally, through a completed experience of itself, the awareness of what is really is in itself.

Principles of Farm Animal Husbandry – Intensive and Extensive Farming

The terms intensive and extensive within farm animal husbandry refer to the methods animals are raised and processed. Intensive farming – Generally referred to as industrial and factory farming, this method is used to aid mass production of meats and dairy. Farm animals are kept in specially built units all year round in order to better control feeding and management. Examples of these can be found in battery cages to house chickens to aid egg collection, and farrowing crates to restrict sows within breeding units. Animals can be fed, watered and cleaned by automatic systems such as feed hoppers and drinkers. Extensive farming – Can also be linked with free-range, animals are able to freely move around and graze outdoors. This method is usually utilised in regions with a lesser demand, such as more open rural areas. There are some cases where animals can be part intensive and extensively farmed. For example, a sheep may spend the majority of it's time outdoors, but will be brought indoors and intensively farmed during lambing season. One of the negative impacts created by intensive farming is the increase in manure. Before intensive farming was introduced, farmers would ordinarily spread livestock manure onto fields for the crops benefit. However, some farmers have begun specialising in areas, crop growing or livestock, which means intensive livestock farmers have to store slurry, which can emit methane, and then travel to areas where this can be disposed of. However, this can be argued as a benefit to farmers who still produce crops as well as manage livestock as the slurry is readily available in great quantity to aid growth of their crops. Another problem appears to be the welfare of the farm animals. Instead of being able to display natural behaviours such as grazing, social and maternal instincts outdoors as with extensive farming, these animals are kept in confined spaces, which can cause signs of discomfort, lameness and even aggression. That being said, intensive farming is essential in order to keep supplying food to an ever growing population. The Five Freedoms The original concept first appeared within the Report of the Technical Committee to Enquire into the Welfare of Animals kept under Intensive Livestock Husbandry Systems, the Brambell Report, December 1965 (HMSO London, ISBN 0 10 850286 4). This acknowledged the need for farm animals to have freedom â€Å"to stand up, lie down, turn around, groom themselves and stretch their limbs† â€Å"The Five Freedoms are: 1. Freedom from hunger and thirst – By ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour;† Ensure troughs, nipple drinkers and any other feeding instruments are at an appropriate location and height for animals, and that these instruments are cleaned and checked for blockages on a daily basis. All cattle require that sufficient roughage be readily available. Sheep require fresh, clean water be available at all times. â€Å"2. Freedom from discomfort – By providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area;† Ensuring there is enough space for the animal to move freely and have fresh, clean bedding appropriate to that species, such as straw. A pigs resting area should remain dry, which can be achieved by being on a slightly higher level than its dunging area. â€Å"3. Freedom from pain injury or disease – By prevention or by rapid diagnosis and treatment;† Livestock housed intensively should be kept in buildings with an effective ventilation system and kept out of draughts to minimise respiratory problems. Monitoring for signs of disease, stress, illness, infestation and lameness is essential to ensure this can be dealt with appropriately and promptly. Ensuring all farm animals have appropriate vaccinations against diseases, such as bluetongue in cattle. Procedures should be in place to isolate and treat any injured or sick animal. Any animals should be humanely killed if found to be incurable. â€Å"4. Freedom to express most normal behaviour – By providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animals own kind;† Farmers should determine space allowance according to animal, class, age, and size. For example, DEFRA provide this table as an example of good practise within housed sheep – (1) Normal social interaction is important too, for example, pigs housed indoors are kept in groups after weaning, usually separated by gender. Toys, like footballs, can also help with the enrichment of the animal. â€Å"5. Freedom from fear and distress – By ensuring conditions and treatment to avoid mental suffering.† (2) Ensuring stock-keepers are fully trained and have the knowledge and skills to carefully manage any farm animal sympathetically, from being able to handle and herd the animals effectively, to providing accurate injury or illness care. Environment and Housing Requirements for Pigs The Welfare of Farmed Animals (England) Regulations 2003 states there are different requirements, in terms of space and temperature, dependant on the stage, size and class of pig. Though, some factors have to be taken into account throughout all types, such as comfortable and dry bedding, which can be seen in all the below images, as the college farm uses clean, fresh straw throughout. (3) (4) Farrowing Sows and Piglets – The image directly below shows a sow with ten piglets within the farrowing village in the college farm. This shows the sow and piglets have enough space to stand up and manoeuvre, inside and out of the arc. The above images show a drinker, providing clean fresh water, and a feeding trough providing pellets. Weaner and Rearing Pigs – The same regulations state the minimum unobstructed floor area available to each weaner and rearing pig should be at least – (5) The above picture shows the colleges pigs in first stage. Weaners and rearer pigs should have adequate space in order to exercise, feed and for all pigs to lie flat on their side simultaneously, which the above pictures demonstrate. The images also show feeding troughs are raised and at an accessible height for the pigs to feed comfortably and separately from resting areas. Dry Sows and Gilts – (6) (2) As well as being able to move around freely, the pigs resting area requires to be elevated in comparison to its dunging area to ensure their resting area remains clean and dry. Concrete slatted floors are used within the pig unit as this proves to be smooth and easy to keep hygienic and also not slippery which could lead to accidents and injury. Lighting, ventilation and temperature control is also vital to promote pig health. The college pig units provide natural lighting and ventilation within the roofs, the latter of which help remove noxious gases and control temperatures. Controlling the pig's feeds and bedding also helps maintain the appropriate temperature. As mentioned previously, the recommended temperature varies dependant on the category of pig, the table above shows this. Livestock Health and Welfare There are two main factors to be taken into account whilst discussing health and welfare, those being mental and physical. In terms of livestock mental health and welfare, one of the factors to take into account would be the animal's stimulus. This could be objects the animal can entertain itself with, such as a ball, or even just animals of the same species to interact with. An animal may suffer mentally or become stressed if it is left segregated without anything to aid mental enrichment. On the physical side, illnesses common within certain farm animals may be a problem if not properly vaccinated against, illnesses such and foot and mouth among pigs and cattle. Respiratory problems can occur if housing for farm animals does not have the required ventilation measures in place. Issues could occur during the transportation of livestock; whether this is physical in that the animal is mishandled or if the transportations flooring is not so as to prevent slipping, or mentally in that the animal may become stressed, especially if force is used within the process. All these aspects and more all come down to one main factor, stockmanship. Providing stock-keepers have the acquired knowledge and skills from onsite training and relevant courses, these factors should all be well manageable. From handling skills and care, to preventing and treating illnesses and parasites, and other general maintenance required to ensure health and welfare is upheld.

Professional Selling Sales Management Product Features Benefits Deconstruction Essays

Professional Selling Sales Management Product Features Benefits Deconstruction Essays Professional Selling Sales Management Product Features Benefits Deconstruction Essay Professional Selling Sales Management Product Features Benefits Deconstruction Essay Professional Selling Sales Management Product Features Benefits Deconstruction and Creation of a Silent Seller’ You are required to do this assignment if you failed assignment 1 Briefing Sheet for Assignment 1 Analytical Step 1. Select any single tangible product OR intangible service of your choice. 2. Secure a brochure or download other product information from the web. 3. Make a list of what you consider to be the most important product features. In this context the cutting pasting’ of narrative information from your source material is allowed. 4.Link your list of features each with a corresponding benefit to form feature / benefit pairs. This analysis and listing will be captured in a Powerpoint slide (refer to slide templates). 5. Perform a benchmark’ comparison between your selected product and either a named single competitor or with similar competitor products in general. Be sure to provide a clear notation of your selected product’s benchmarking as either o’ (equivalent), +’ (better than), or - (worse than)you comparator. Your benchmarking comparison will also be captured in a Powerpoint slide (refer to slide templates). Silent Seller Narrative . Create a general equivalence statement based on your o’s. 7. Create a specific recommendations statement based on your +’s. 8. Highlight which potential objections have been identified based on your -s. 9. Create statement/s as to how you intend to deal with potential objections. Collectively, your silent seller narrative will be captured in a Powerpoint slide (refer to slide templates). Source Material 10. Examples of your source material should be submitted along with your Assignment. So Would I Buy one? 11. The overall level of convincingness of your rationale and recommendation will also be assessed.Mark Allocation 12. Marks will be awarded on the following basis: Slide 1. Your name; your Kingston I. D. number; the name of your chosen product; the name of your benchmark comparator. Slide 2. Your feature / benefit pairs analysis (25%). Slide 3. Your benchmark comparison analysis (25%). Slide 4. Your silent seller narrative (50%) of which the equivalence statement (10%), the recommendations statement (10%), innovation in handling potential objections (20%) and general level of convincingness of your rationale (10%). Submission deadline: 12 noon on Friday 23 August 2013

Explore how the volume of maritime transport remains high due to the dynamic growth in developing countries with emerging market economies. The WritePass Journal

Explore how the volume of maritime transport remains high due to the dynamic growth in developing countries with emerging market economies. Introduction Explore how the volume of maritime transport remains high due to the dynamic growth in developing countries with emerging market economies. IntroductionConclusionReferenceRelated Introduction Sea transport is the backbone of international trade and globalization, carrying more than 80% of the volume of world merchandise trade. In 2007 the volume of international maritime transport increased by 4,8% compared with the 2006 year and reached 8.02 billion tons. For comparison, over the past three decades, average annual growth rate of world sea transport accounted for an estimated 3,1%. Strong demand for maritime transportation services spur growth in the global economy and international commodity trade. In 2007, the gross domestic product (GDP) of all countries in the world increased by 3,8%, while world merchandise exports increased by 5,5% compared with the previous year. Thus, despite rising energy prices and its potential impact on transport costs and trade, and despite increasing global risks and uncertainties such as those associated with a significant rise in prices for petroleum commodities, the global credit crisis, the depreciation of the dollar of the United States, growth in the global economy and trade was still sustainable. In 2007, was carried more than 8 billion tons of cargo, the historical record.   More than 80% of all raw materials and goods were transported by sea in the world. In 2007, the volume of traffic by sea increased by 4.8% to over 8 billion tons. By 2008 the world fleet grew by 7.2% and reached a total deadweight of 1.12 billion tons. However, the initial favorable half of 2008 was replaced by a worldwide crisis and a sharp drop in shipments. After second half of 2008 the strong demand for bulk carrier by grain traders led to an increase in freight rates in September 2009 year. The situation has been fueled by a slight shortage of ships. Dynamics of the Baltic Freight Index (BFI) in September 2009 for the Panamax wore an ambiguous character: in the first half of the month the index has grown, and then gradually began to lose ground. Last month of the 2010 year does not justify the hopes of ship-owners to recover the freight market for bulk tonnage. The level of the Baltic Freight Index for almost all types of bulk carriers (except hendysize’’) showed a decrease in the first place, for large vessels. Finally, in anticipation of the Christmas holidays BFI for bulk carriers Panamax by 523 points or 22%. According to analysis of previous years 2006, 2007, 2008 ,2009, 2010 freight brokers pay attention to their return to a crisis level in December 2008 the ratio of time dry bulk charter rates keypsizeand Panamax. Currently it is 50% and means that the deadweight ton bulk carriers such as Panamax Charterers costs 4 times more expensive than bulk carriers keypsize (twice the rate and approximately the same half DWT). This indicates a strong demand for bulk carrier Panamax, which in turn is caused by using them to carry a wider range of commodities (coal, grain, sugar, fertilizer, bauxite, etc.) and also has a smaller excess of the courts type compared with the bulk carriers keypsize’’.   Executive summary.(Review of Maritime Transport, 2008), Review of Maritime Transport, Annual 2008 Issue ‘’Panamax’’ dry bulk market – perfect market Under the marketing research is meant to collect, analyze range of data needed to solve the problems facing the firm marketing the situation, as well as the formation of a report on progress. Known a lot of instances where large companies are destroyed due to the fact that it is not paid due attention to research on marketing.( Paul Krugman , Robin wells ) Panamax dry bulk market is perfect market firstly because in the market involved many independent firms, which takes their own decision what to produce and in what amount, while monopoly market is the exclusive right to manufacture owned by one person, group of persons or the state. Also Monopolistic firms create entry barriers for new firms, limiting access to sources of raw materials and energy, using high technology, used very big expenses when Panamax (perfect) market is not restricted, possible free access to anyone who wishes to become an entrepreneur. Oligopoly is the existence of several companies, usually large, on whose shoulders the brunt of industry sales, so Panamax dry bulk market still perfect in that case, because in perfect market the sellers are independent of each other against to oligopoly market system. In perfect market will not be founded a series of concrete forms which have artificial monopolies such as a cartel, syndicate, trust, concern. Oligopoly is divid ed in two different parts: price this artificial churning of commodity prices. It is widely used price discrimination, under certain conditions: the seller of a monopoly, the presence of a strong marketing policy of the firm; inability to resell the goods at the original purchaser. This kind of competition is especially often used in services. This tendency cannot be founded in perfect market as in perfect market the buyers are well informed about the prices. The other part of oligopoly is non-price – it is competition, carried out by means of improving product quality and conditions of sale at that point ‘’Panamax’’ dry bulk market still the perfect market according to that the goods in perfect market are homogeneous so there is no real way for improving quality of bulk cargo and selling conditions. So all previously mentioned types of market are not about Panamax dry bulk market, there is clearly identified that ‘’Panamax’â₠¬â„¢ dry bulk market is a perfect market.   ( KRUGMAN WELLS ) microeconomics). Bulk carrier panamax Dynamics of the Baltic Freight Index (BFI) in December 2009 was stable for all sizes of dry bulk tonnage. Compared with the beginning of the first months of 2009 year BFI for Panamax has decreased by 1.8%. However, if we turn to the beginning of January 2009, dramatic changes are evident freight market conditions that have occurred over the past 12 months. Growth of BFI for the Panamax for the period totaled 6.6 times. Compared with just a failure late 2008 early 2009 Freight market dry bulk actually reborn from the ashes and the beginning of 2009 has stabilized at a relatively high level. When, last month of 2010 as was mentioned before does not justify the hopes of ship-owners to recover the freight market for bulk tonnage, in that case could be identified that first half of 2009 was much pleasant for ship-owners than late 2010. Dynamics of the Baltic freight index in December 2010: Type of tonnage 01.12.10 15.12.10 23.12.10 Bulker Keypsize 2869 2687 2379 Bulker Panamax 2380 2234 1857 Bulker Superhendymaks 1550 1659 1517 Bulker Hendysize 802 835 834 Source: Clarkson Dynamics of the Baltic freight index in December 2009: Type of tonnage 01.12.09 14.12.09 30.12.09 Bulker Panamax 3635 3574 3567 Bulker Superhendymaks 2376 2420 2224 Bulker Hendysize 1143 1239 1159 Source: Clarkson Dynamics of the Baltic Freight Index in April 2008: Type of tonnage 01.04.08 15.04.08 30.04.08 Bulker Panamax 7767 8160 8972 Bulker Superhendymaks 4792 4705 5444 Bulker hendysize 2392 2361 Source: Clarkson 2789 To analyze the above table does not need to be a doctor of Mathematical Sciences, bremsstrahlung from the table to see that every year the dynamics of Baltic Exchange decrease, if compare the data from first half of 2008 with first half of 2010, can be easily identified the fall of almost 3 times when 2009 was also not rising with the alignment on a 2008 or even 2010. New building Market According to Clarkson Research Services, in 2009 compared with 2008 the number of ordered bulk carriers has decreased in 6,5 times, container by 30 times, universal dry cargo ships 15 times, Ro-Ro 44 times, and reefer vessels generally was not ordered. And this despite the fact that contract prices for bulk carriers, according to the same source, as compared with 2008 decreased by 23-36%, and container by 24-40%. The basis for this decline, as analysts note, decreased by 30-40% on the price of ancillary equipment, as well as reducing the cost of shipbuilding steel. Number of dry cargo ships ordered by the type of tonnage in 2006-2009.: Type of vessel Year 2006 2007 2008 2009* Bulkers 699 1960 1114 170 Containers 465 535 208 7 General 400 398 292 19 Ro-Ro 87 137 87 2 Refrigerators 4 9 8 * till middle of December Source: CRS According to Chinese sources, 65% of Chinas shipbuilders received no new orders in 2009, the worst off were newly emerging in the wake of the shipbuilding boom of 2007-2008, the players. It is estimated that in 2009, China built a total deadweight tonnage of about 40 million tons, up 41% more than in 2008 at the same time, Chinese shipyards in 2009, received orders for vessels with total deadweight of 22.94 million tons, up 61% from a year earlier. Fortunately, Chinese shipyards a great help by the Government of that countrys direct and indirect support measures for domestic shipbuilding. During the first 11 months of 2010, orders for dry bulk tonnage amounted to 68.4 million dwt, reaching the highest since 1996, except for the shipbuilding boom of 2007/2008., indicator. Almost as many 68.9 million dwt in the 11 months of 2010 amounted to delivery of new tonnage. As a result, with 22 million dwt (8%) ruptured shipbuilding contracts worldwide portfolio of orders for bulk carrier according to Clarksons totaled 279 million dwt, or 52.9% of the existing fleet. Second hand vessel market There is a high activity of Chinese buyers of used dry bulk carriers, which was dominating this market segment ’’ Panamax’’ dry bulk. Brokers noted buying dry bulk carrier in China with symbolic name INDIA deadweight of 76,620 tons, built in 2005 by a Japanese shipyard Sasebo. The transaction price was $ 36.3 million In general, during December the price of modern bulk carrier Panamax less than 5 years of age have been further strengthened, and the modern superhendimaks remained at the same level. The price level for modern bulk carrier second hand† in December 2009.: Type of tonnage Year of vessel DWT Price, thoundsdant. USD Start of December2009 y. End of December2009 y. Changes (+) (–) ‘’Panamax’’ max 5 y. 74000 32935 33424 +389 ‘’Superhendymaks’’ max 5 y. 52000 27281 27308 +27 Source: Baltic Sale Purchase Assessment Considering to the December price dynamics for used bulk carrier, we note that the decrease in the freight market conditions affected the level of prices, led to their downward trend. Most analysts believed that the excess of the formed dry bulk lead to a further fall in prices. But, despite a decrease in prices for used bulk carrier, according to analysts Arctic Securities in 2010 they still remain 20% higher than in early 2009. The price level for modern bulk carrier second hand† in December 2010.: Type of tonnage Year of vessel DWT Price, thoundsdant. USD Start of December2010 y. End of December2010 y. Changes (+) (–) ‘’Panamax’’ max 5 y. 74000 38494 37830 664 ‘’Superhendymaks’’ max 5 y. 52000 32315 31267 1048 Source: Baltic Sale Purchase Assessment Conclusion Forecast of the freight market According to analysts of First Securities with a total deadweight bulk carrier, which will go to scrap in 2011, could reach 12 million tons and revenues of the new tonnage 20 million tons That is the pressure of excess tonnage in the freight market is retained. According to experts of international rating agency Moodys Investors excess of supply over demand in the area of dry bulk traffic will negatively affect the marine industry in the short term, although the overall long-term prospects for the industry over the next decade are more favorable due to expected further growth in demand for raw materials from developing countries. Therefore, Moodys recommends that the shipping companies involved in transportation of bulk cargo hold more prudent investment policy on orders new fleet. Now, when are launched more new bulk carriers, freight rates remaining highly volatile due to large variations in supply and demand. Reference .   Executive summary.(Review of Maritime Transport, 2008), Review of Maritime Transport, Annual 2008 Issue 1. «Review of Maritime Transport », UNCTAD, 2008 Ð ³, unctad.org. 2. ОÐ ±Ã ·Ã ¾Ã'€ Ð ¼Ã ¸Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã'€Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ã'„Ð »Ã ¾Ã'‚Ð ° Ð ¾Ã'‚ Ð ®Ã ÃÅ¡Ã ¢Ã Ãâ€, Ð ¸Ã ½Ã'„Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ¼Ã °Ã'†Ð ¸Ã'  Ã'  Ã' Ã °Ã ¹Ã'‚Ð ° maritimebusinessnews.com.ua. 3. ИÐ ·Ã ´Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µ Fairplay, fairplay.co.uk. Page Reference : null Stopford Microeconomics 1 Microekonomiks 2 Clarcson Baltic Sale Purchase Assessment Source: CRS agency Moodys Investors analysts of First Securities baltic freight index http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/a2-micro-oligopoly-overview.html

Genocide as a part of international crimes Essay

Genocide as a part of international crimes - Essay Example The act of genocide is believed to be a severe violation of humanity. Even though, it was assumed in the early days, there has been a need for the international community to rise up and condemn the inhuman act. The international community came up strongly in the 1990`s to condemn such an act. This was a fight that required brave souls to strongly come up with legal frameworks that would make certain such offenses do not recur in future. High penalties were imposed on any nation or an individual that violated humanity. However, a lot of challenges have ensured that such standards are not achieved to the latter. Genocide is any act committed with intent to destroy part, national, ethnical, racial or religious group (Shaw, 2007). For instance, killing members of a particular group or causing both body and mental harm to a targeted group of people is also considered as an act of genocide. In most cases, the act is also accompanied by adding conditions that could physically affect them later. Such acts are deliberately done especially on grounds to suppress a particular group of individuals. Sometimes, enforcing measures that could prevent births within the group and transferring children of a group to another group using force could also be considered an act of genocide. Normally, the government or regime is always assumed to be in control of the state that is committed to eliminate one or more groups for political purposes. Threats from outside interference are not present. The killing is headed by the military and paramilitary organized by the state. In most cases, the victims are in no position to literally defend themselves. In the real world, the government believes that, the group is normally a threat to the dominate society regardless of whether the victim group was a cohesive or even enjoyed coherent unity. The group’s identification was based on their perception of

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Global Warming - Essay Example In addition, the claim is criticized by the argument that undoubtedly, the weather was coldest as compared to the previous trend in that region; still it was not the coldest if an overall picture of Earth’s climate is considered (NCDC, Climate of 2004, 2004). The coldest region of the Northeastern US still did not break records of the previous record low temperatures which the region went through in the winters of 1986. Thus the claim made by the critics of global warming is not rational. (NCDC, Climate of 2004, 2004). On the other hand, the heat waves observed in Europe were record breaking of the highest temperatures ever experienced. Global Warming is affecting the temperature of the Earth and society needs to understand that we must act now to prevent the end of humanity. A divided hypothesis has been created regarding the effects of global warming and if global warming is a myth or a reality. This assignment would further revolve around this issue and give views as to whi ch side of the scientists comes up with a strong hypothesis regarding global warming. DISCUSSION "All across the world, in every kind of environment and region known to man, increasingly dangerous weather patterns and devastating storms are abruptly putting an end to the long-running debate over whether or not climate change is real. Not only is it real, it's here, and its effects are giving rise to a frighteningly new global phenomenon: the man-made natural disaster" (Barak Obama). There are two differing views about the existence and causes of Global Warming. One group usually links it to the actions committed by the human beings themselves (Matthew et al., 2009). However others strongly believe that nature plays a role in creating the problem of global warming (Abrahamson, 1989). The arguments presented by both groups carry importance and without any doubt, these arguments are leading to more and more researches which are beneficial for knowledge and new theories. The study of Ea rth and its climate is of immense importance and beyond any doubt the reason for such extreme climatic changes should be known. In order to evaluate the reasons behind the changing climate of the Earth, the studies regarding global warming and the arguments against it are helpful. Regardless of all the arguments presented, I believe that humans contribute to the climatic changes and extreme weather conditions. The increased CO2 levels and rising temperature do have a link. The link between greenhouse effect and global warming are valid as put down by one set of the researchers (Weitzman 2007). A study suggests that global warming affects the farmland values. The cropland model used by the author suggests that the warming climate and temperature results in a loss of 4 to 5 percent of the gross farm value (Mendelsohn et al., 1994). Cunningham and Cunningham suggest that reduction in soot produced by diesel engines, coal-fired generators, forest fires and wood stoves may help in curbin g and decrease in the issue of global warming by nearly 40% within a period of 3-5 years (Cunningham & Cunningham 2010). Although the studies and climatic researches are not invalid and the continuous debate over this topic does carry an important place in the Earth’s study. According to my point of view, it is not valid to judge the climatic change just by examining or considering the weather patterns of a small region. Global warming does not